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PropertyUnitTypical Value
Density at 15°Ckg/m³0.920 – 0.999
Kinematic Viscosity at 50°Cmm²/s28 – 300
Flash Point (Open Cup)°C> 60
Pour Point°C-10 to 30
Sulphur Content% by weight2.5 – 3.5
Ash Content% by weight0.01 – 0.03
Carbon Residue (Conradson)% by weight< 14
Water Content% by weight< 0.5
Heating ValueMJ/kg35 – 45
Total Sediment% by weight< 0.1

Diesel Gasoil (D2)

Density at 15°C (kg/m³)820 – 845
Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)2.0 – 4.5
Flash Point (°C)52 – 96
Pour Point (°C)-15 to -40
Cetane Number45 – 55
Sulfur Content (% mass)

0.001 – 0.05 (Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel, ULSD)

Cloud Point (°C)

-5 to -15 (Winter Grade)

Lubricity (HFRR, μm)460 maximum
Distillation Temperature Range (°C)200 – 350
Property Specification Test Method
Density at 15°C 820-845 kg/m³ EN ISO 12185
Kinematic Viscosity at 40°C 2.0-4.5 mm²/s EN ISO 3104
Flash Point (PMCC) >55°C EN ISO 2719
Cloud Point -11°C (max) EN 23015
Pour Point -15°C (max) EN ISO 3016
Cetane Number >51 EN ISO 5165
Sulfur Content ≤10 ppm EN ISO 20846
Distillation 95% recovered at 350°C ≤85% EN ISO 3405
Copper Strip Corrosion (3 hours at 50°C) Class 1 (max) EN ISO 2160
Total Contamination ≤24 mg/kg EN 12662
Water Content ≤200 mg/kg EN ISO 12937
Ash Content ≤0.01% (m/m) EN ISO 6245
Carbon Residue on 10% Residue ≤0.30% (m/m) EN ISO 10370
Sulfated Ash ≤0.02% (m/m) EN ISO 3987
Lubricity at 60°C HFRR ≤460 µm EN ISO 12156-1
Oxidation Stability ≥6 hours EN ISO 12205
Acid Number ≤0.50 mg KOH/g EN 14104
API Gravity

31.2° – 36.6° (typically around 32°)

Sulfur Content

0.08% – 0.2% (typically around 0.1%)

Density (at 15°C)838 – 857 kg/m³
Pour Point

Below -33°C (-27°F)

Viscosity (at 50°C)6.3 – 7.4 cSt
Acid Number0.05 mg KOH/g
Total Nitrogen Content< 0.12 wt%
Salt Content

< 5 PTB (Pounds per Thousand Barrels)

Reservoir Sulfur Content

Typically low sulfur

Chemical Formula

C10H20 to C15H28

Density at 15°C (59°F)

0.775 – 0.840 kg/l

Flash Point

-43°C (-45°F) minimum

Freeze Point

-47°C (-53°F) maximum

Autoignition Temperature

210°C (410°F) minimum

Kinematic Viscosity at -20°C8.0 – 10.0 mm²/s
Thermal StabilityPass
Smoke Point

25 mm minimum

Sulfur Content

0.30% maximum

Aromatics Content25% maximum
Acidity (pH)5.0 maximum
Copper Strip Corrosion (3 hrs at 100°C)1a maximum
Particulate Contamination

None visible at 5 ppm

Water Content

0.05% maximum

Appearance

Clear and Bright Liquid

Color

Max 3.0 Saybolt Color

Density at 15°C (kg/m³)776 – 840
Flash Point (°C)Min 38
Freeze Point (°C)Max -40
Kinematic Viscosity at 20°C (cSt)8.0 – 11.0
Thermal Stability (JFTOT) at 260°C

Max 25% loss in volume

Sulfur Content (wt%)Max 0.30
Aromatics Content (vol%)Max 25
Smoke Point (mm)Min 19
Water Content (vol%)Max 0.05
Microbial ContaminationNot detectable
Acidity (mg KOH/g)Max 0.015
Corrosion (copper strip) at 100°C

Not worse than No. 1

Total Acidity (mg KOH/g)Max 0.10
Net Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg)Min 42.8
Particle Count (4μm and larger)

Max 12,000 per ml

Lubricity (HFRR, μm)Max 520
Copper Strip Corrosion (3 hrs at 100°C)Max 1a
PropertyValue
Chemical FormulaLiCoO2
Molecular Weight97.87
Density5.0 – 5.1
Color

Dark gray or black

Crystal StructureHexagonal
Melting Point

1,128°C (2,062°F)

Boiling PointN/A
Thermal Conductivity5 – 6 W/m·K
Specific Heat Capacity~620 J/kg·K
Electrical Conductivity

10^-5 to 10^-6 S/cm

Solubility

Insoluble in water

Particle Size

Typically in the micron range

Chemical Composition

Primarily Methane (CH4)

Boiling Point

Approximately -162°C

Density

Approximately 0.41 g/cm³

Energy Content

~22 MJ/L (lower heating value)

ColorClear, colorless
OdorOdorless
Flammability

Highly flammable

Autoignition Temperature

Approximately 580°C

Vapor Pressure

< 1 kPa at -162°C

Flash PointBelow -160°C
Liquefaction Temperature< -162°C
Expansion Ratio

1:600 (1 volume of LNG expands to 600 volumes of natural gas)

Chemical FormulaC3H8
Molecular Weight44.1 g/mol
Boiling Point

-42.1°C (-43.8°F)

Melting Point

-188.1°C (-306.6°F)

Density (at 25°C/77°F)0.51 g/cm³
Energy Content46.4 MJ/kg
Energy Content (per liter)25.5 MJ/liter
ColorColorless
Odor

Odorized with Mercaptan

Flammable Range

2.1% to 9.5% (Volume)

Autoignition Temperature410°C (770°F)
Vapor Pressure (at 25°C)

8 – 10 bar (116 – 145 psi)

PropertyUnitTypical Value
Density at 15°Ckg/m³0.920 – 0.999
Kinematic Viscosity at 50°Cmm²/s28 – 300
Flash Point (Open Cup)°C> 60
Pour Point°C-10 to 30
Sulphur Content% by weight2.5 – 3.5
Ash Content% by weight0.01 – 0.03
Carbon Residue (Conradson)% by weight< 14
Water Content% by weight< 0.5
Heating ValueMJ/kg35 – 45
Total Sediment% by weight< 0.1